Wutopia Lab has designed Shanghai’s iconic Duoyun Bookstore in Huangyan, a district of Taizhou in China’s Zhejiang province. This is the bookstore’s first outlet outside of Shanghai. Its form mimics a cloud that slowly rises on the bank of Yongning River.
AN EPIPHANY INSPIRED BY CLOUDS
Designer, Yu Ting, attributes his creative inspiration for the project to the terrain and the site. He says: “Standing by the Yongning River during the day, with the river calmly and slowly going east, I was easily brought into the flat and distant composition of the southern Chinese landscape, and my mood and sight were both relaxed along the horizontal line. In the evening, many people pile up for their own entertainment along the river, lively and cheerful but not noisy. The air was slightly humid, and the river breeze gently popped through the water droplets, bursting a little refreshment around my face. I envied the tranquility and pleasantness of this city, which is scarce in Shanghai. Suddenly, I decided there should be a cloud, calmly and slowly rising over the river.”
Rather than performing cosmetic surgery on a collage of cluttered commercial territorial façades, Mr Yu decided to wrap them in a continuous white perforated aluminium panel wall. The continuous white creates a complex and pure interface on the riverside (by controlling the perforation rate, the façade creates a cloud of layers) hiding the bookstore. The aluminium wall is the façade, or it can be stripped away to become a courtyard enclosure or both.
TRADITIONAL TYPOLOGY
The site of the academy is located in buildings 1 and 3 of a group of four buildings on the edge of the Yongning River. Building 1 is also composed of two buildings connected on the first floor as one. The public space site has a basement patio and an evacuation stairwell. It is a place where the focal points are scattered and unfocused. Traditionally, the “shuyuan” with scale and form are formed by a group of ordered buildings. “If I consider the scattered buildings 1 and 3 and the interior space as the type of pavilions and pavilions in a traditional building group, then it is obvious that such a building group lacks a courtyard as a focal point. Since I needed a space to control these scattered individuals, creating a courtyard type was a natural choice for me.”
He placed a square yard in the open space between buildings 1 and 3. However, this yard was hidden behind the fence between buildings 1 and 2 (other people’s properties). Mr Yu turned this courtyard into a front yard, which became the official entrance of the bookstore.
The first area is the lifestyle book (area), and the coffee (pavilion) on the east side is near the water. The staircase from the cafe to the second floor is designed as a display (terrace) for reproductions of rare books combined with traffic. The second floor of the cafe will be the future urban parlour room.
An interior aisle has been added on the west side to Building 1. The first floor of Building 1 is the bookstore area, with the entrance being the unique Duoyun shelving area with attitude, and then turning north into the main bookstore display hall. After passing through the cashier’s desk, visitors enter the reading area designed using the aisle, followed by the creative house.
The upstairs of the cultural and creative area is an exhibition museum. The upstairs of the bookstore is a stepped lecture room. The second floors are all connected to each other by roof terraces. These platforms are a children’s play platform, a mirror terrace, a discussion terrace with a fire pit and a labyrinth terrace as a coffee outing.
Mr Yu says the advantage of borrowing the typological architecture of pavilions and courtyards is that the connection between the function and the architectural type of the garden makes it easier for an uninitiated audience to understand and support the use of the new courtyard to transform the public space and integrate the buildings into an easily interpretable new courtyard. The courtyard, later named Baiyunting, and its three side gardens (the front garden, the south garden, and the west garden) and the wall, integrate buildings 1 and 3 into a visually continuous complex. Thus a new courtyard architectural space is born out of the historical building type and reorientates a group of scattered commercial buildings, finally creating a new visual and spatial image.
METAPHORS AND SYMBOLS
Mr Yu insists that architecture should be full of metaphors. In this project, he distilled the clouds into an easy-to-read formal symbol, turning them into doorways, logos and even UIs, while the white of the clouds covers all the background spaces of the building to reinforce the symbolic meaning in the clouds and represent the Shanghai of the clouds. The orange color extracted from Huangyan’s well-known orange not only represents the Huangyan of Duoyun, but also becomes the main color in the foreground of the entrance book and coffee area. From white clouds to orange clouds, it is easy to build a story about five-coloured auspicious clouds.
The bookstore area thus includes the green colour in the foreground of the cultural and creative area. This is also the classic color in the Duoyun Bookstore series. More importantly, the blue as cyan has a special meaning in the local Taizhou area and cannot be used as the main colour, so the classic green in the Duoyun Bookstore furniture series was chosen as the cyan cloud. Crimson was chosen as the red cloud for the speech area on the second floor, and pink and purple was chosen as the purple cloud for the exhibition area on the second floor.
The five different colors identify the different main functional areas. This is a further interpretation of the metaphor of clouds. The story of the five coloured clouds finally replaces the typological architectural borrowing as a prominent statement linking function, Shanghai, Huangyan, allusion, documentation, history and locality.
PYRAMIDS and LABYRINTHS
In discussing the topic of the visual focus of the space, a photograph of the Pyramid of Oranges, created by artist Roelof Louw in 1967, provided by the project architect, served as inspiration. An orange pyramid book table with books was created in the foyer. It becomes the dominant element in the space, and a larger green pyramid book table becomes the centerpiece of the book kiosk. And the triangle stripped from the pyramid becomes a translucent acrylic cashier’s desk that becomes the controlling visual focal point of the main bookstore area (hall). The relationship between the colour orange and Huangyan is more in line with the official name of the artist’s installation, Soul of City, which was created in Duoyun Bookstore in Huangyan.
Mr Yu shares that he has always been fascinated by the complex organisation of direction and vision in places to create the experience of time – in relativity – fast and slow. A labyrinth is an excellent architectural type combined with light to achieve this experience. So the bookshelves and furniture become the walls of the bookstore maze. Transparent and translucent interfaces blur the clarity of light, creating a disorienting and curious uncertainty in the space. So much so that time seems to slow down a bit here. Unexpectedly in the coffee area (pavilions), the orange-coloured furniture is more like ripples. And when I laze on the sofa on the raised platform near the window, the river level unfolds like a scroll, a kind of time view formed by Chinese painting unexpectedly comes back to life, matching that emotion I felt when I stood by the river for the first time.
Due to the extra structural secondary beams under the roof panels, the sky light on the cashier ceiling could not be opened to create a hamonious colour for the water and sky. “I could only replace it with a luminous canopy, which is slightly regrettable as there is one less light combination,” laments Mr Yu.
To increase the confusion of the maze, the designer used corrugated aluminum panels as the ceiling to resemble the rippling water of the Yongning River. At the same time, the roof deck of the cashier area was turned into a mirror reflecting the sky.
The courtyard of the Huangyan branch of Duoyun Shuyuan embodies an attempt to pursue the spirit behind the form of the garden. With the authorization of the owner, Mr Yu decided to create a world of garden that aligns with his own concept of the site. He eliminated the structures and facilities on the original site, while keeping the original trees and plants, as well as the fire stairwell and smoke extraction courtyard required by code, albeit slightly modified.
“The matching and organisation of the trees is borrowed from the composition of Ni Zan, the great painter I love,” shares Mr Yu. However, the white stones and greenery shown in the courtyard are easily associated with Japanese dry landscape gardens. But this inspiration comes from a fragment of Qiu Ying’s “Garden Views” about Chinese dead landscapes. In the painting a vibrant rosebush stands on a wide mock sparkling white stonework ground, simple and sparse. The courtyard in the painting is enclosed by a bamboo curtain, while the translucent courtyard has been enclosed with white perforated aluminium panels, as well. The light can be sifted through the fence and sprinkle the courtyard like rain to form dappled light and shadows, adding vividness to the courtyard.
Visitors will find two cloud stools, one white and one blue, in the White Cloud Court. These are made of plastic from recycled marine garbage. Taking advantage of Huangyan being the capital of mould manufacturing, moulds were made to infuse and shape the plastic. “The use of plastic from recycled marine garbage comes from my daughter’s education on environmental protection and the need for architects to express an environmentally-friendly attitude in their own designs,” shares Mr Yu.
There is a blue glass house up the spiral staircase of the cafe, and the daylight tints the area where the orange staircase and the roof meet a vivid purple. But at the flick of a switch, the blue glass becomes colourless and transparent, and the Yongning River leaps into view. This glass is a car glass technology developed by a local company in Huangyan. Wutopia Lab has for the first time used it in architecture.
“I have always believed that a bookstore should reflect the spirit of the city or region. Duoyun Bookstore in Huangyan is my understanding of and response to the city of Huangyan, the people who live there and the culture of the city. I believe that small cities in China lack a contemporary art form that shapes their own spirit. In the age of the internet, people in third- and fourth-tier cities generally have a sense of confidence and judgment. Architects do not have to pursue the fashion of big cities and foreign countries or be stuck in so-called historical forms in their work here. It is entirely possible to use abstract art language and metaphors to create new art forms and spaces that reflect the local present. One such work is the bookstore. If all small cities in China were as content and peaceful as Huangyan, with its history and scenery, and at the same time focused on creating its own future, then China would be a more beautiful place,” says Mr Yu.
Project Information
Project Name: Books in Clouds — Duoyun Bookstore in Huangyan
Design Firm: Wutopia Lab
Year of completion: 2021
Chief Architect: Yu Ting
Design Manager: Pu Shengrui
Pre-project Architect: Wang Zhuoer
Post-project Architect: Pu Shengrui
Design Team: Begoña Masia, Song Junzhu, Wu Yaping, Wang Jiajun, Wang Lei, Dai Yunfeng, Zhang Minmin, Guo Jianv, Wu Xiaoyan, Chang Xue’en, Lu Ye, Zhang Wensui, Meng Dong, Jing Yawei
Project Architect Assistant, Architect in Residence: Mi Kejie
Location: Taizhou, Zhejiang
Building Area: 1726㎡
Photography: CreatAR Images
Design Consultation: Office ZHU
Lighting Consultant: Chloe Zhang, Cai Mingjie
Construction Plan Deepening team: Shanghai c-yuspace Design Co., Ltd., Shanghai Zhiye Architectural Design Consulting Co., Ltd.
Construction team: Taizhou Huangyan Municipal Garden Construction Development Co., Ltd., Xingwei International Home Furnishing Co., Ltd., Zhangjiagang Yujia Metal Decoration Co., Ltd.
Client: Taizhou Huangyan Yongyun Cultural Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai Century Cloud Culture Development Co., Ltd
Materials: Coating, Acrylic, Perforated aluminum plate, Painted aluminum plate, Granite, Steel grid, Gravel, Microcement
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